Does your Gmail account hacked yesterday ??? who knows

You knows !!! Gmail is considered as one among the best email services today, so people are using it for both business and personnel usage. Then comes the issue of security that protects the mails in your inbox. Make sure that your gmail account is safe and open to you only. Google offers activity information mechanism for finding weather your gmail account is hacked or not. Its simple.., you don't need to be a geek. This post will help you to identify weather someone else is accessing your inbox.

Navigate to the bottom side of the gmail inbox. I just pinned the snapshot of mine here. Check for the line starting with the sentence 'Last account activity : x hours ago at IP x.x.x.x'. There you can find a link labeled 'Details'. Click their to see the log information on your gmail inbox and make sure that you are the only one used that account.

Make sure that the IP addresses listed are the same ones that you used. Check the country, date, time and access type also, and identify weather it matches with your usage. Once i have seen a log from a different ip address on my gmail's log. It appeared to be one from Aisanet's network. (That was a my first experience of being hacked). Later i found it was not an accidental one. This unwanted access was from an  internet cafe once i used 2-3 days before the hazard, and what really happened was i really forgot to logout from my gmail account when i quit the cafe. If you feels the same, then understand this is the right time to change your google account's password. Do it  now itself, else you may be the next victim. Changing the passwords frequently is always refered as the best methode to escape from hacks and unwanted access to your personals kept on internet...

Finding ip adress of your machine

If you dont want to go technical just visit the website tracemyip to know your ip address and related details.  

If you are a unix guy, use the ifconfig command on the terminal to know your ip. The field shown as 'inet addr' corresponding to your mode of connection (eth, wlan, ppp) is the ip.

and, If you are windows guy, use the dos command ipconfig in the command prompt window to view your ip. 


Note :

• Ip address may not be the same for every time you connects, if you are not using a static connection.. 

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Installing Ubuntu 11.04 in pendrive persistently : time for pendrive OS

What about the idea of carrying your operating system whereever you go? I am not talking about bringing your laptop everywhere you go, instead use your pendrive to carry your linux distro. Not simply the live distro, you can carry your operating system with all your configurations, favorite desktop background and personal files. We can call it as a persistent installation since the pendrive linux can not only used as a means for installing linux but also it can retain the changes you made (similar to a linux installation on a hard disk). In simple terms if you store a file on the desktop or installed any new application on the pendrive ubuntu it will be there next time you boot from that pendrive.

While carrying your operating system on a USB pendrive there are many advantages. I think the most appealing one is that you will get your favourite environment wherever you go. If you are a hardcore linux user then no doubt you will find it hard to work with a 'windows only' machine, then you can use your favorite ubuntu that boots from pendrive. Another aspect is related to the security. You can use your ubuntu on the pendrive inside an internet cafe where you can expect keyloggers or other applications that can cause security breaches. Simply your online money transactions can be made secure without the help of softwares or operating system available on a cafe.

Third advantage is somewhat geeky. You can use this pendrive to remain anonymous on the internet and hack safely. Move over many machines and many networks with your handy pendrive and diminish the possibility of tracing you with the help of MAC address and IP address.

And the practical way...

I am very much font of Ubuntu as it provides a powerful environment for application development and entertainment. So i am using the latest distribution of Ubuntu, Natty narwhal (11.04) as my pendrive operating sytem. I have tested it on a Kingston DataTraveler G3 8GB pendrive. Download the iso image of the Ubuntu 11.04 from the link here. Though there are a number of ways to make persistent installation we just use the most simplest one here. For this you need a Windows (vista/7) and application called Universal USB installer (click here to download). 

Select the Ubuntu 11.04 iso image and the pendrive from the Universal USB installer to start installing Ubuntu on to pendrive. The installer will take a few mnutes for finishing the task... Done!!! your pendrive Ubuntu is ready, restart the system and boot from the pendrive to use it...

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Download flash videos without any applications in Windows

Sorry for the title i had given, you need mozilla firefox also for doing this trick. You can use this trick to download flash video from any website that provide free video streaming. Let see an example from youtube itself. Browse for any video and click the play button to start playing the video. Its necessary that you have to play the video for caching it by the browser temporary for playing it soon. This trick will allow you to download only a certain portion of the video also by seeking to a particular position and playing the video from there. 

Now navigate to the folder C:\media\disk\Users\###\AppData\Local\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\g3atzu61.default\cache\ using your explorer (you have to replace the ### with your own username). After you reach this folder just arrange the items on the basis of the size. Press the F5 button to refresh the explorer and find the file whose size is increasing frequently. Confirm the file by double clicking/playing the the file using any video player that supports flv format.

You have to copy the cached file to some other folder for storing it permanently, otherwise the file will be lost from the folder when the browser cache is cleared. If you are running the firefox in private browsing mode you will not be able to do this trick since the the location that is used for caching during the private browsing is not the same as above. 

Hope you have enjoyed the trick... :) Click here to read my previous post about downloading flash videos in ubuntu. 

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How to change dns address in Windows

 The domain name servers plays a big role in the case of world wide web. It converts the human understandable URLs or host names such as google.com or yahoo.com into machine understandable IP addresses. It is very important to select the best DNS server from a list of available ones since the right selection will reflect in the browsing speeds. Actually when an internet user types some url and hit the enter key, the  role of dns server (usually provided by the correspponding internet service provider for example bsnl or vodafone ) comes into effect. 

The dns server converts the hostname to the corresponding IP address and returns the IP back to the browser.Usually the dns server uses tables to store the hostname and ip, also a domain naming system is also implemented as a distributed system. 

Leave the theories ... lets findout the best dns server that suits you and change the your default dns value to the best one that is more fast and reliable using the following steps...

Before that, the public and free dns address available are 

google public dns
8.8.8.8
8.8.4.4

opendns
208.67.220.220
208.67.222.222

dns advantage
156.154.70.1
156.154.71.1

others
209.244.0.3
209.244.0.4

1. Use the ping command to find the dns server with less average RTT (round trip time).

Take the command prompt and use the average value of round trip time in the ping command to spot the best dns address. Check the figure.

  > ping <dns address here>

  

2. Replace the default dns address with the new one

Take 'Network and Sharing Center' from the control panel. Select the 'Manage Network Connections' from the left side panel. Select the connection and right click to select the 'Properties' from the menu.

Select the TCP/IPv4 under the Networking tab and click the 'properties' button to change its properties. 

Inside the TCP/IPv4 properties click on the 'Use following DNS server' and add the DNS server address there as shown in the image below.

If the connection is already active you may have to restart the connection to make the changes take into effect. 

That's all about the configuration. From my personal experience google's public dns addresses are fast and reliable than the others. Almost a lion's share of time i spend on internet is usually with google related sites such as google search engine, analytics, blogger... The method for changing the dns address in Ubuntu linux is explained in the post linked here

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fork bomb explained...

 


Don't try this @ your home ....Injurious to your computer's health, else  you will be...

Defining the fork bomb . . .

                   A fork bomb is simply a line of some characters entered into the command line of a Unix system, and when the enter key is pressed, within seconds the computer will crash... The little program we entered in to the bash shell act as a process & make multiple copies of itself, setting off a chain reaction and thus quickly exhausting the system’s resources. Most computer operating systems can be  simply crashed or at least brought to a coma stagewhen users, even those without superuser privileges, launches this 'logical bomb' that eat up all memory and CPU time. "Forkbomb" does nothing but launch two or more copies of itself upon startup. Since these copies do the same in turn, this sets off a chain reaction with an exponentially growing number of processes. A fork bomb process "explodes" by recursively  spawning copies of itself using the Unix system call fork().




Working of the 'bomb'...
  
              A process begins  execution when it's execution environment and corresponding threads are created. Before  execution the process has to take a room in the process table, which is a data structure for holding  information required by the kernel to run the process such as...

      > Process state
      > Several process IDs
      > User IDs for determining process privileges
      > Pointer to text structure for shared text areas
      > Pointer to page table for memory management
      > Scheduling parameters,  priority values
      > Timers for resource usage etc...


                A fork bomb creates a large number of processes very quickly and begins execution one after the other by seizing the process table. So whenever a free slot occurs in the process table, another copy of the bomb process enters it and start spawning new bombs. When process table becomes saturated, no new programs may start until another process terminates. Even if that happens, it is not likely that a useful program may be started since the instances of the bomb program will each attempt to take any newly-available slot themselves.


                In addition to using space in the process table, each child process of a fork bomb uses further processor-time and memory. As a result of this, the system and existing programs slow down and become much more unresponsive and difficult or even impossible to use.

see the defenition for fork bomb in wikipedia,

                In computing, the fork bomb is a form of denial-of-service attack against a computer system which makes use of the fork operation (or equivalent functionality) whereby a running process can create another running process. Fork bombs count as wabbits: they typically do not spread as worms or viruses. To incapacitate a system, they rely on the (generally valid) assumption that the number of programs and processes which may execute simultaneously on a computer has a limit.

Some bombs that you can try @ your friend's pc

Fork Bomb in windows

 Open up notepad and type the string below and and save
 it as fork.bat :

   %0|%0

 On double clicking this file,it will lead to total CPU jam 

 by opening a large no. of processes of command prompt.

In UNIX C or C++:

 Compile and execute the following C/C++ code snippet
 in Unix to understand (???) the bomb...

#include <unistd.h>

int main(void)

{

    for(;;)      //for(;;) or while(1) makes an infinite loop

    fork();

    return 0;

}

Bash Shell Fork Bomb

Following is the most coolest one i had ever seen. Take the bash terminal and just type in the following code....

   : (){ : |:& };:

This code is the elegant and most beautiful example of a fork bomb.

:()       _  define ':' , like a function call

{         _  beginning of what to do when we say ':'

    :      _  load another copy of the ':' function into
               memory...

    |      _  ...and pipe its output to...

    :      _  ...another copy of ':' function, which has to be
               loaded into memory (therefore, ':|:' simply gets 
               two copies of ':' loaded whenever ':' is called)

    &     _  disown the functions, that is if the first ':' is
               killed, all of the functions that it has started
               should NOT be auto-killed...

}         _  end of the definition of ':'

;          _  Having defined ':', like in structures etc... we
               should now...

:          _  ...call ':', initiating a chain-reaction: each ':' will
               start two more.

Simply the above function is the same as the code below

forkbomb(){ forkbomb|forkbomb & } ; forkbomb

How to get out of the bomb . . .

             One may have to reboot the system to resume its normal operation destroying all running copies of it. Trying to use a program to kill the rogue processes normally requires creating another process — this is  an impossible task if the host machine has no empty slots in its process table, or no space in its memory structures. Furthermore, as the processes of the bomb are terminated (for example, by using the kill command), process slots become free and the remaining fork bomb threads can continue reproducing again, either because there are multiple CPU cores active in the system, and/or because the scheduler moved control away from kill(8) due to the time slice being used up.

A simple solution is that we can stop (“freez”) the bomb's processes, so that a subsequent kill/killall can terminate them without any of the parts re-replicating due to newly available process slots:

killall -STOP bombprocess

killall -KILL  bombprocess



...Bye till the fire and smoke settles...

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Choosing the right laptop for my friend

                       Last week i was looking out for a laptop for my friend. I had been instructed to check out for a notebook that cost below 50,000/-. He suggested me to checkout for a Dell or Vaio. The brand name is nowadays a big factor for any product and first word like 'dell' or 'vaio' from consumer is nothing because of this brand effect. He was looking for a professional + entertainment box. So I started checking out a right one for him.

I just compared the dell and vaio for him and felt that a dell will solve his need. Vaio is little bit costlier than dell, also you feel a difference in  configurations of vaio and dell at the same price. Dell laptops provides better hardware configuration than the Sony laptops @ same price range. Eventhough competition is live in the market, dells are being sold out more for the average customer, you can feel this if you talk to sum guys in the retail shops in the Ernakulam city.  I thinkthis may be due to  two  reasons from my  viewpoint. Thefirst reason i felts is the decent mix of hardware configuration @ moderate price in dells laptop  Average customers prefers laptops at price ranging from 35,000/- to 50,000/-. And the dells Inspiron series is a nice option at this price range providing a minimum combination of Intel's core i3 processor | 3gb ram | 1 gb graphics| ~300 GB HDD.

The secondreason may be the brand name Dell have built up so far. They were in the main stream of the market for the past years by providing products having significant difference in performance and quality than the cheaper counterparts from lenovo, acer etc... The cheaper ones usually ends up early due to battery problems or heating problems etc. From my personal experience also, dell seems to be nice notebook due to its perfomnce, ergonomics, battery life and support with the main stream operatng systems like windows, ubuntu, fedora etc... But initially there were some problems with availability service / repair. But the opening up of  new service centers will cover this problem to a great extent.

My first decision was to checkout for the XPS15 on dell's website. Its cool and handy, Impressedat its pretty appearence, they have come up with an appealing architecture for  hinges of the XPS. It may cost near 50k, since the price given is 45000/- in the website. We have purchased an Inspiron for @silentlover143, 4 months ago via online. That made a profit around 4K than the direct purchase from the retail shops. You have to pay only delivery charges in extra which may cost below 2K, and got the product delivered to home withn 2 weeks. But on further query we found that online purchase takes more than one an half months in between order & delivery here in EKM. 

So we decided to hang on with the new Inspiron series, it's too got a similar hinge of XPS, painted black and offering two series of configuration. There is a difference of 5K rupees in between models with core i3 and core i5, having RAM and HDD of 3gb|320gb and 4gb|500gb respectively with ATI graphics card included. The 14 inch and 15 inch screen options also differs in a price of 3000/- in core i5 series and around 500/- in core i3 series.

Inspiron seems to be a coolest optionnear 45k price range with a desent configuration and pretty look. Since the new XPS may take further weeks to reach on the hand of retailers for direct sale, and also costlier due to addons like speakers from JBL, Nvidia's presence, etc... built on the same processor family and memory of Inspiron machines, I made my suggestionfor my friend to go on for an Inspiron instead of waiting more and wasting extra bucks for the XPS...

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How to use a pendrive as RAM in Windows

ReadyBoost enables you to plug a USB key into your machine and have Windows Vista use it as memory. I have seen this option "Speed up my system" many times when ever  I plug any USB device into my pc. But not taken it into consideration... And now it is the time to do it and share with you all...

Installation/Configuration
Plug the USB into your machine running Windows Vista/7.
Upon plugging the thumb, the autoplay dialog box will pop with many options how to treat the pen drive just inserted. You can see the "Speed up my system" option in the autoplay dialog box.

Once you click the "Speed up my system" option, the Properties dialog box for the device is displayed where you can specify to start/stop ReadyBoost usage of the device and how much space that can be used as a memory cache. This space is used more as a flash-based page file than true RAM, but the impact is that the more space you choose here, the more benefit you’ll get in terms of overall system performance.

The device properties dialog box will allow you to turn on/off ReadyBoost and to set the exact size of the cache.

(In order to return to this dialog box, open the Computer window, right-click the drive (H: in this case) and select Properties. From there, click the Memory tab (as shown in the previous screen capture and adjust the settings as needed).

Opening the drive in an Explorer window reveals that ReadyBoost has created a cache file of the specified size.

While ReadyBoost will work with other devices – such as SD Card, CompactFlash, etc. – I’ve only used it with a USB key and here are the baseline requirements the team gave me regarding what ReadyBoost will work with:

     +  The USB drive must be at least USB 2.0
     +  The USB Key has to have at least 64mb of free space

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How to install traditional language fonts in Ubuntu

The multi-language support by operating systems offer a way to type in and read contents of the even traditional languages. Yet there are still some problems persist when you need to install new fonts in your traditional languages. The main problem causes when you visit a website which is in traditional language. Most probably the browser will display junk characters which are unreadable. Here is a how to about installing traditional languages in your Ubuntu machine.

1. First download the font on to your machine, let it be font.ttf

2. Take the terminal and copy this font.ttf to  the Fonts  directory in Ubuntu as root (usually /usr/share/fonts).

 $ sudo cp ~/Downloads/font.ttf  /usr/share/fonts

Relogin to the system to make the changes come into effect.

If you do not have the root permission, please do the following steps.

Copy the font.ttf font to a directory.

Change to that direcroty and run the following  commands.

Run ttmkfdir > fonts.dir

Run ttmkfdir > fonts.scale

/usr/X11R6/bin/xset fp+ <font directory>

/usr/X11R6/bin/xset fp rehash

Open the browser and change the character encoding to “User Defined”

Installing new fonts in windows


In windows you have to copy the fonts in to the C:/Windows/fonts directory.

  

 

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How to connect Idea gprs without Nokia PC suite in Windows

There is no need of a software like Nokia pc suite for accessing internet on the Windows machine if you have a modem on your mobile phone. This post describes about connecting to internet with a nokia phone with modem on your computer


Connect the mobile to the computer using bluetooth or data cable from the phone. Select Nokia mode on the phone if connection is made through the data cable. Pair the phone with the bluetooth of the computer if the connection is via bluetooth.


 

On Mobile phone


Select Menu  >>  Settings  >>  Connectivity  >> Packet data   >>  Packet data settings



Click on Edit active acces point to edit the access point. Set the following values

 

       Alias for access point       ::     internet

       Packet data access point  ::     internet


Set the active access point as curreently defined access point called 'internet'.

 

On computer with Windows XP/Vista/7


Select Setup a connection or network from Network and Sharing center.


Click on Set up a dial-up connection 

Select the bluetooth modem corresponding to your phone

 Change the fields on the screen as follows


          Dial up phone number :  *99#

          Connection name         :  idea internet 

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Links: the browser for the terminal

Links is powerful text WWW browser with tables and frames. It runs in linux terminal providing a faster access to internet especially on slow connection. Its completely text based, so that you cant use it  as a complete replacement for usual browsers since terminal can not display images. Also since text based it can be a used for faster acces of internet when you are using mobile internet. 

 

Installing links in Ubuntu

Take the terminal and type in as follows

 $ sudo apt-get install links 

Or you can download the links package with graphics in compressed format from here. The details about installation are provided in the links site.

 

Browsing in links 

After installation take the terminal and type links

 $ links

 

command line options

-g 

            to run links in graphics mode

-no-g

            to run links in text mode

-anonymous
            Restrict links so that it can run on an anonymous  account.   No local  file  browsing.  No  downloads.  
 
-http-proxy <host:port>
              Host and port number of the HTTP  proxy,  or  blank.

-ftp-proxy <host:port>              
              Host  and  port  number  of  the FTP proxy, or blank. 

-download-dir <path>              
              Default download directory.  (default: actual dir) 

Navigation keys

ESC/F9    menu/escape

d      download link (text mode only)
/       search in the page
?       search back in the page
n       find next match

f        zoom actual frame
^R    reload page
g       go to URL

G       edit the current URL and goto the result
s       bookmark manager
q       quit, close window if more windows are open
=      document informations
\       toggle HTML source/rendered view
 

Setting proxy in links

Select Network Options from the setup menu(Click on F9 to get the menu).

 

Select Proxies to input the proxy address.

 
 

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Speed up the startup and shutdown process in Windows XP : registry tweak

Let's try some trick for increasing the speed of booting and shutting down of Windows XP through the group policy editing. 

Open the RUN command using Windows+ R key combination or from the  start menu and type notepad.

In NOTEPAD, copy del C:windowsprefetch tosboot-*.*/q

And save it as ntosboot.bat in your computer

Again open the RUN command and type gpedit.msc 

Click on the COMPUTER CONFIGURATION in the left side pane , under that double click WINDOWS SETTINGS and then double click on the  scripts in the  right pane

 

Again Double Click on the SHUTDOWN in the right window. Then click the  ADD button and then BROWSE to select the saved file ntosboot.bat and open it. (shown in figure)

 

Choose OK and APPLY , Once again click OK and then exit.

Now open the device management window. Take the RUN prompt and type in as  devmgmt.msc

A new window will open under that double click on IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers. Right Click on Primary IDE Channel to select properties

(Shown in the figure)

 

 

Choose the tab called ADVANCED SETTINGS then click on the device 0 or 1, The device contain device type which is not highlighted and chose none in the place of autodetect and Click OK


Now select Secondary IDE Channel and select properties and repeat the process as done above.

 

That's all  for the time being. Just restart your system to see the changes.

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Keyboard shortcuts for Mozilla Firefox

CTRL + A

Select all text on a webpage

CTRL + B

Open the Bookmarks sidebar

CTRL + C

Copy the selected text to the Windows clipboard

CTRL + D

Bookmark the current webpage

CTRL + F

Find text within the current webpage

CTRL + G

Find more text within the same webpage

CTRL + H

Opens the webpage History sidebar

CTRL + I

Open the Bookmarks sidebar

CTRL + J

Opens the Download Dialogue Box

CTRL + K

Places the cursor in the Web Search box ready to type your search

CTRL + L

Places the cursor into the URL box ready to type a website address

CTRL + M

Opens your mail program (if you have one) to create a new email message

CTRL + N

Opens a new Firefox window

CTRL + O

Open a local file

CTRL + P

Print the current webpage

CTRL + R

Reloads the current webpage

CTRL + S

Save the current webpage on your PC

CTRL + T

Opens a new Firefox Tab

CTRL + U

View the page source of the current webpage

CTRL + V

Paste the contents of the Windows clipboard

CTRL + W

Closes the current Firefox Tab or Window (if more than one tab is open)

CTRL + X

Cut the selected text

CTRL + Z

Undo the last action

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Important RUN commands for Windows users

             Following are the important run commands that can be used easily for starting some programsin Windows.  To open the run dialog box press the  Windows+R key or goto start and then run.   

      Accessibility Controls  -  access.cpl

      Accessibility Wizard     – accwiz

      Add Hardware - Wizardhdwwiz.cpl

      Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl

      Administrative Tools control – admintools     

      Adobe Acrobat (if installed) – acrobat

      Adobe Photoshop (if installed)- photoshop

      Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl

      Bluetooth Transfer Wizard – fsquirt

      Calculator – calc

      Character Map – charmap

      Check Disk Utility – chkdsk

      Command Prompt – cmd
      Computer Management - compmgmt.msc
      Control Panel – control

      Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl

      Device Manager - devmgmt.msc

      Disk Cleanup Utility- cleanmgr

      Disk Defragment- dfrg.msc

      Disk Management- diskmgmt msc

      Disk Partition Manager- diskpart

      Display Properties- control desktop

      Event Viewer- eventvwr.msc

    

      Files and Settings Transfer Tool- migwiz

      Findfast- findfast cpl

      Firefox (if installed)- firefox   

      Folders Properties- control folders
      Fonts- control fonts

     

      Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)- gpedit.msc

      Help and Support- helpctr

      HyperTerminal- hypertrm

      Indexing Service- ciadv.msc

      Internet Explorer- iexplore

      Internet Setup Wizard- inetwiz

      Internet Properties- inetcpl.cpl

                 try the following on command prompt also if you see nothing

      IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) - ipconfig/all 

      IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /displaydns

      IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /flushdns

      IP Configuration (Release All Connections)- ipconfig /release

      IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)- ipconfig /renew

     

      Keyboard Properties - control keyboard

         

      Logs Out Of Windows - logoff    

      Microsoft Excel (if installed) – excel

      Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)- frontpg

      Microsoft Movie Maker – moviemk

      Microsoft Paint – mspaint
      Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)- powerpnt

      Microsoft Word (if installed)- winword
      Mouse Properties - control mouse     

      Nero (if installed)- nero

      Network Connections - ncpa.cpl

      Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl

      Notepad – notepad
      

      On Screen Keyboard – osk

      Outlook Express – msimn

    

      Password Properties - password.cpl

      Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc

      Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl

      Phone Dialer – dialer

      Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl

      Printers and Faxes - control printers

      Printers Folder – printers

      Registry Editor – regedit

      Remote Desktop – mstsc

      Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc

    

      Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl

      Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks

      Security Center - wscui.cpl

      Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc

      Shuts Down Windows – shutdown

      Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl

      System Configuration Editor - sysedit

      System Configuration Utility - msconfig

      System Properties - sysdm.cpl

    

      Task Manager – taskmgr

      Telnet Client – telnet

    

      User Account Management- nusrmgr.cpl

      Utility Manager – utilman

    

      Windows Backup Utility (if installed)- ntbackup

      Windows Explorer – explorer

      Windows Firewall- firewall.cpl

      Windows Magnifier- magnify

      Windows Media Player – wmplayer

      Windows Messenger – msmsgs

      Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)- wiaacmgr

      Windows System Security Tool – syskey

      Windows Update Launches – wupdmgr

      Wordpad – write

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