Easiest way to add nautilus scripts in Ubuntu

                  Here is a bit tutorial for adding nautilus scritps in ubuntu that will help you to increase the system accessibility. These scripts can be run by simply clicking the right mouse button and selecting any from the 'scripts' menu. The imporatnt advantage of the nautilus scripts is its easiness, for example we dont need a an image processing standalone application to rotate an image or convert it to another format or to mirror it... The only think that we need is to select the image and right clicking on it and choosing any of the scripts... its simple and can be accessed as shown in the figure...

Installing Nautilus scripts in Ubuntu 

Nautilus scripts are available for dowloading from G-script site. You can use the link here  to download it directly to your pc. Follow the steps below to to complete the installation.

• Untar the downloaded file using the following command

 $ tar -xvzf  nautilus-scripts.tar.gz

•  You can see the scripts arranged in a heirarchical manner inside the extracted folder. Copy the contents of the extracted nautilus-scripts folder  to the .gnome2/nautilus-scripts folder in your home directory. Since it a hidden folder you can't see it @ the first time. Click Ctrl + H key after enterin the home directory to see the hidden directory.
• That's all for the installation... You can access the scripts by selecting a file > right clicking it > and choosing any of the scripts arranged in categories under the scripts menu.

Hope you enjoyed th tip...

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important bash commands for system administration

As you know the terminal is the power tool that every linux user may have to come in contact even once in their computer life. Here is a post about controlling and managing your system using the gnome terminal.

How to shut down the system
 
$shutdown -h now

The word 'now' is enough to shutdown the system at this instant itself. You must be sudo before executing this command. You can specify the time instead of the word 'now' so that the system will shut after that time limit. Other  valid  formats  are  +m,  where m is the number of minutes to wait until shutting down and hh:mm which specifies the time on the 24hr clock.

       -r     reboots the system after shutdown

       -h    Requests  that  the system be either halted
              or powered off after it has been brought 
              down

       -c    Cancels  a  running  shutdown.   TIME is not 
              specified with this option, the first     
              argument is MESSAGE.

       -k    Only send out the warning messages and 
              disable  logins,  do  not actually bring the 
              system down.

How to take the root shell prompt
 
You can take the root shell prompt using the root password as follows

$ sudo su
 
How to switch between virtual consoles

In most debian based systems there are six switchable VT100-like character consoles available to start the command shell directly on the Linux host. Unless you are in a GUI environment, you can switch between the virtual consoles by pressing the Ctrl - Alt keys and one of the F1 --- F6 keys simultaneously. Each character console allows independent login to the account and offers the multiuser environment. You can get back to the X Window System, normally running on the virtual console 7, by pressing Ctrl - Alt - F7

Alternatively we can use the command chvt to  switch between virtual consoles from the command line
 
$ chvt  3        (switches to 3rd console )

 
How to quit the terminal

Press Ctrl + D to terminate the shell activity.



To create a new user account 


To create a new user account from the terminal type in as follows...


$ adduser carbon


This will add the user with name 'carbon'.  You can remove this user and it's home directory by using the following command.

$ deluser --remove-home carbon
 

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how to install gnome-do application launcher in Ubuntu

GNOME Do is a free application launcher for Linux originally created by David Siegel, and currently maintained by Alex Launi. It is better than other application launchers because it not only allows searching for applications and files but it also allows specifying actions to perform on search results by providing instantaneous, action-oriented search results that preferred by the users. 


It is equipped with different appearence or styles, the important of them are docky style and glass style







installation. . .

 Take the terminal and type as follows

$ sudo apt-get install gnome-do gnome-do-plugins

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How to take a Screenshot from the Command Line

There is no need of a graphical utility to take the screen shot of your desktop, no need to wonder how.. Lets try it with your terminal. Terminal is a powertool and solution to all the problems in linux

The advantage of using commandline tool is that if you need to take a screenshot in an environment, where you cannot run a graphical screenshot utility prefer this method.

1. Take a Screenshot from an X Terminal

Take the gnome terminal and type in as follows

   $ sleep 5; import -window root screen.png   

                       
                        The sleep command delays the process for five seconds before the screenshot is taken. This is the time to minimize windows, expand menus, or make other necessary adjustments before the screenshot is taken. By changing the sleep value you can control the delay before the screenshot is taken.                         

                        The import utility that is part of the ImageMagick suite of tools to take a screenshot of the entire window and name the image screen.png. If you want to grab a particular part of the screen, you also can use the -crop option to grab that specific area

                      $import -crop 500x400                  

And if you run import without -window your cursor will change to a crosshair, which you can drag over the area you want to capture. PNG is a recommended screenshot format, but ImageMagick supports a range of different formats, so you can use what you need. Type as below to see the man page to know more about import.

                            $ man import                              

2. Take a Screenshot from a Command-Line Terminal

               If you need to take a screenshot from a command-line console while X is running elsewhere on the system, adjust the command line and add a few additional features to it. This method is commonly used when you need a screenshot of an installation routine or a program running on an embedded device.To do this, first access the shell that runs behind the installer by pressing Ctrl-Alt-F3.This terminal is called tty3. It provides you with a simple shell in which you can run the commands to grab the shot.

                       Before you can run the command to grab the shot, find out the display number of the running X server. Every X server has a unique display number that is mapped to the particular user who is using X. You can find this by typing in the  terminal as follows

                        $ echo $DISPLAY                            

Let your display number returns :0.0, Then the command to grab the screenshot is:

 $ chvt 7; sleep 5; import -window root screen.png -display :0.0 ; chvt 3  

Three actions will take place following to this,

process of switching to the X terminal

grabbing the screenshot

switching back to your current command-line terminal.

The first command (chvt 7) switches to the X terminal say gnome (usually the 7th terminal is the X), and then the second command (sleep 5) pauses the process for two seconds to switch to the 7th terminal. Then the import command is used to grab the root window on display :0.0 and save the shot as screen.png. Finally, the terminal is switched back to terminal 2 (chvt 2).

You can change the virtual terminal by changing the number after the chvt.

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